Ephesus is one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean. In fact, it lies near the town of Selçuk, on the Aegean coast of Turkey. In Roman times, it was a rich port city with more than 200,000 inhabitants. Today, Ephesus is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Turkey’s most visited attractions.
So, this guide covers the main monuments, nearby sights and practical tips.
History of Ephesus
Greek settlers founded Ephesus around the 10th century BC. Later, under Roman rule, it became the capital of the province of Asia. In fact, it was one of the largest cities of the empire. Then, the harbour slowly filled with silt. As a result, the city was abandoned. Today, the sea is several kilometres away.
What to See in Ephesus
Library of Celsus
The two-storey facade of this library is the symbol of Ephesus. It was built in the 2nd century AD, and it once held about 12,000 scrolls. Also, statues represent Wisdom, Knowledge, Intelligence and Virtue.
Great Theatre
This huge theatre could seat about 25,000 people, so it was a key city landmark. Its acoustics are still excellent. Moreover, according to the Bible, Saint Paul preached in Ephesus, causing a riot in this theatre.
Curetes Street and the Temple of Hadrian
Curetes Street runs downhill past fountains, shops and monuments. Along the way, admire the elegant Temple of Hadrian and the public latrines. Then, continue to the Library of Celsus at the bottom.
The Terrace Houses
These luxury homes once belonged to wealthy families, so they are richly decorated. Under a protective roof, you can see their mosaics and wall paintings. A separate ticket is required, but it is well worth it.
The Odeon
This small theatre also hosted concerts and council meetings. So, it shows another side of civic life.
Near Ephesus
- Temple of Artemis: It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. However, only a single rebuilt column remains today.
- Ephesus Museum in Selçuk: It displays statues and treasures found at the site.
- House of the Virgin Mary: A small chapel on a hill, visited by pilgrims.
- Şirince: A charming hill village known for its fruit wines.
Tips for Visiting Ephesus
- Start at the upper gate: Then, walk downhill to the lower gate. It is easier, and the views are better.
- Arrive early: Cruise groups arrive mid-morning. Also, the midday heat is intense.
- Bring water and sun protection: There is very little shade.
- Visit in spring or autumn: Summer is very hot, often above 35°C.
- Hire a guide: A good guide brings the ruins to life.
How to Get to Ephesus
Izmir Airport is about one hour away by car or train to Selçuk. In addition, cruise ships dock at Kuşadası, about 20 km away. For more about its heritage, see the UNESCO page for Ephesus.
Final Thoughts on Ephesus
Ephesus offers a vivid picture of life in a great Roman city. Above all, walk slowly and imagine its busy streets. Afterwards, continue to Pamukkale or Bodrum. Discover all our Turkey travel guides.
