Egypt is home to one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It combines the Pyramids of Giza, the temples of Luxor and a timeless Nile valley. Moreover, the Red Sea offers some of the best diving on the planet. So, it is a dream destination for history and sea lovers.
Most first trips start in Cairo with the Pyramids of Giza. Then, travellers take a Nile cruise between Luxor and Aswan.
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Cairo and the Pyramids
First, Cairo is a huge, chaotic and fascinating city. Visit the Khan el-Khalili bazaar and Islamic Cairo. Also, the new Grand Egyptian Museum near Giza displays Tutankhamun’s treasures. Then, stand before the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, the last surviving wonder of the ancient world.
Along the Nile
Next, Luxor is the world’s greatest open-air museum. Explore Karnak Temple, then cross the river to the Valley of the Kings. At sunrise, a hot-air balloon ride offers a magical view. Further south, Aswan is calmer, with felucca sailboats and Nubian villages. From there, Abu Simbel is a spectacular day trip. Between the two, a Nile cruise is the classic way to travel.
The Sea and the Desert of Egypt
- Red Sea Coast: Coral reefs and resorts in Hurghada and Marsa Alam.
- Sinai Peninsula: Mount Sinai, Dahab and world-class diving.
- Alexandria: A Mediterranean city founded by Alexander the Great.
A Short History of Egypt
For about 3,000 years, pharaohs ruled the Nile valley and built pyramids and temples. Later, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Ottomans each left their mark. As a result, Cairo has ancient, Coptic and Islamic monuments side by side. In the 20th century, Egypt became an independent republic.
Food in Egypt
First, try koshari, a mix of rice, lentils, pasta and spicy tomato sauce. Also, ful medames and falafel, called ta’meya, are breakfast classics. Moreover, mint tea and fresh juices are everywhere.
Practical Tips
- Dress modestly: cover shoulders and knees, especially in mosques.
- Carry small cash: tips, called baksheesh, are expected for small services.
- Use ride-hailing apps: Uber and Careem avoid taxi haggling in Cairo.
- Visit sites early: mornings are cooler and calmer.
- Drink bottled water: tap water is not recommended.
For more ideas, see the official Experience Egypt website.
Basic Words and Expressions to Use in Egypt
Egyptians speak Egyptian Arabic, the most widely understood dialect in the Arab world. English is common in tourist areas. Still, a few words of Arabic bring big smiles.
Finally, “la, shukran” (no, thank you) is very useful with insistent sellers. Say it with a smile and keep walking.
Egypt Travel FAQ
We recommend 8 to 12 days for a first trip. That way, you can see Cairo, Giza, Luxor, Aswan and Abu Simbel. With two weeks, however, you can add the Red Sea.
Count $60 to $120 per person per day. Local food and transport are cheap. However, entrance fees, guides and Nile cruises add up quickly.
The best period is October to April, when temperatures are pleasant. In contrast, summer is extremely hot, especially in Luxor and Aswan. The Red Sea, meanwhile, is great for diving all year.
Most visitors need a visa, available online as an e-visa or, for some nationalities, on arrival. So, always check the latest requirements for your passport before you travel.
Yes, tipping is part of daily life. For example, leave 10 to 15% in restaurants and small tips for guides, drivers and helpers.
Domestic flights link Cairo with Luxor, Aswan and the coast. Also, sleeper trains run along the Nile. In cities, ride-hailing apps are the easiest option.
In short, the country offers pyramids, temples, the Nile and the Red Sea. So, combine Cairo with Luxor and Aswan. Explore our detailed guides for each destination.