Peru is a land of ancient empires, high Andean peaks and the vast Amazon rainforest. It is home to Machu Picchu, one of the most famous sites in the world. Moreover, its food scene is among the best in Latin America. So, it combines adventure, history and great meals.
Most first trips start in Lima, then fly to Cusco. From there, travellers explore the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, then continue to Lake Titicaca.
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Cusco and the Inca Heartland
First, Cusco was the capital of the Inca Empire. Today, colonial churches stand on top of perfect Inca walls. Since the city sits at 3,400 metres, take it easy for the first days. Read our Cusco guide.
Nearby, the Sacred Valley has terraces, markets and ruins such as Pisac and Ollantaytambo. Then, Machu Picchu rises above the clouds. However, tickets are limited, so book weeks ahead. For hikers, Vinicunca, the Rainbow Mountain, is a colourful challenge.
Top Places to Visit in Peru
- Arequipa: A white colonial city surrounded by volcanoes.
- Colca Canyon: One of the deepest canyons in the world, with soaring condors.
- Lake Titicaca: Floating reed islands on the highest navigable lake in the world.
- Nazca Lines: Giant ancient drawings best seen from a small plane.
- Huacachina: A desert oasis with sandboarding and dune buggies.
Nature in Peru
In the north, Huascarán National Park has turquoise lagoons and snowy peaks. In the east, moreover, the Amazon rainforest covers more than half the country. So, a few nights in a jungle lodge are perfect for spotting monkeys, macaws and river dolphins.
A Short History of Peru
Long before the Incas, cultures such as the Nazca and the Moche flourished here. Then, in the 15th century, the Inca Empire became the largest in the Americas. However, Spanish conquistadors arrived in 1532 and took control.
After that, Lima became the capital of a rich colony. Finally, Peru declared its independence in 1821. Today, Quechua and Aymara are still spoken in the Andes, keeping ancient traditions alive.
Food in Peru
Lima is often called the food capital of South America. For example, try ceviche, lomo saltado and ají de gallina. In the Andes, taste quinoa soups and roasted guinea pig, called cuy, if you dare.
To drink, the pisco sour is the national cocktail. Also, try Inca Kola and coca tea, which helps with the altitude.
Festivals and Events
- February: the Virgen de la Candelaria festival in Puno features colourful dances.
- 24 June: Inti Raymi, the Inca Festival of the Sun, is celebrated in Cusco.
- 28–29 July: Independence Day brings parades and celebrations.
Practical Tips
- Acclimatise: spend two days at a lower altitude, such as the Sacred Valley, before hard hikes.
- Book early: Machu Picchu and Inca Trail permits sell out.
- Pack layers: days are warm, but nights in the Andes are cold.
- Drink bottled water: tap water is not safe to drink.
For more ideas, see the official Peru tourism website.
Basic Words and Expressions to Use in Peru
English is spoken in tourist areas, but rarely in the countryside. Still, a few words of Spanish make a real difference. Above all, a smile and “buenos días” open many doors.
Finally, in the Andes, you can also say “allillanchu” (hello) in Quechua. Locals will love the effort.
Peru Travel FAQ
We recommend two weeks for a first trip. That way, you can see Lima, Cusco, the Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu and Lake Titicaca. With ten days, however, focus on Cusco and Machu Picchu.
Count $50 to $150 per person per day. Budget travellers stay near the lower end with hostels and local restaurants. However, Machu Picchu trains, tickets and guided treks add up quickly.
The best period is May to October, during the dry season in the Andes. In contrast, the rainy season runs from November to April, and the Inca Trail closes in February.
Many nationalities can visit visa-free for tourism, often for up to 90 days. Still, rules depend on your passport, so always check the latest requirements before you travel.
Tipping is appreciated but not compulsory. For example, leave around 10% in restaurants, and tip guides and porters on treks.
Domestic flights link Lima, Cusco and Arequipa quickly. Also, comfortable long-distance buses cover most routes. To reach Machu Picchu, take the train to Aguas Calientes.
In short, the country offers Inca wonders, mountains, jungle and amazing food. So, combine Cusco and Machu Picchu with Lima or the Amazon. Explore our detailed guides for each destination.