Hadrian’s Wall was the northern frontier of the Roman Empire in Britain. Emperor Hadrian ordered its construction in AD 122. Overall, it stretches about 73 miles, or 117 km, across northern England, from Wallsend to Bowness-on-Solway. Today, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site “Frontiers of the Roman Empire”.
So, this guide covers the forts, museums, walking routes and practical tips.
History of Hadrian’s Wall
First, soldiers built the wall in about six years. Then, small forts called milecastles stood every Roman mile along it. Also, larger forts housed hundreds of soldiers from across the empire. In fact, the wall controlled trade and movement as much as it defended the frontier.
Forts and Museums
- Housesteads: The best-preserved fort, with barracks and Roman latrines.
- Vindolanda: A fort famous for its writing tablets, the oldest surviving handwritten documents in Britain.
- Roman Army Museum: An introduction to the life of Roman soldiers.
- Chesters: Remains of a bathhouse and a cavalry fort by the river.
- Birdoswald: A long, well-preserved stretch of wall nearby.
Sycamore Gap
A lone tree once stood in a dip of the wall here, one of the most photographed views in England. However, it was illegally cut down in 2023. Today, the landscape is still beautiful, and seedlings from the tree are being planted elsewhere.
Walking Hadrian’s Wall
In addition, the Hadrian’s Wall Path National Trail runs about 84 miles from coast to coast. Usually, walkers take six to eight days. However, the central section near Housesteads is the most dramatic for a day hike. Also, always walk beside the wall, never on it, to protect the stones.
Best Time to Visit
In general, from May to September, the weather is milder and seasonal buses run. In contrast, winter can be wet and windy, and some sites have shorter hours.
Practical Tips
- Use the AD122 bus: In season, it links the main sites.
- Stay in Hexham or Haltwhistle: Both are good bases.
- Dress in layers: The weather changes fast in the hills.
Getting There
Finally, trains between Newcastle and Carlisle stop at Hexham and Haltwhistle. For more information, see English Heritage’s Hadrian’s Wall page.
Final Thoughts on Hadrian’s Wall
In short, this Roman frontier combines history with wild northern landscapes. Afterwards, discover York or the Lake District. Discover all our United Kingdom travel guides.
