Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric monument in Europe. Moreover, it stands on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, in southern England. Building began around 5,000 years ago, and the site changed over many centuries. Even today, its exact purpose remains a mystery. As a result, it fascinates visitors from all over the world.
So, this guide explains how Stonehenge was built, what to see and how to plan your visit.
How Stonehenge Was Built
At first, the monument was a circular ditch and bank around 3000 BC. Later, around 2500 BC, the great stones were raised. However, builders used no metal tools or wheels. Instead, they probably dragged the stones on wooden sledges.
Sarsens and Bluestones
The huge sarsen stones came from about 25 km north. In fact, each weighs around 25 tonnes. Meanwhile, the smaller bluestones were brought from the Preseli Hills in Wales, about 240 km away. Surprisingly, recent research showed that the central Altar Stone came from northern Scotland.
Alignment with the Sun
Stonehenge is also aligned with the sun. On the summer solstice, the sun rises near the Heel Stone. In contrast, on the winter solstice, it sets in the opposite direction. Therefore, many experts believe the site marked the seasons and important ceremonies.
What to See at Stonehenge
- The stone circle: A path circles the monument at a short distance. So, you get great views from every side.
- The visitor centre: Its exhibition displays ancient tools, bones and a reconstructed face of a Neolithic man.
- Neolithic houses: Outside, rebuilt huts show how people lived 4,500 years ago.
- Burial mounds: Hundreds of ancient barrows dot the landscape around the stones.
Visiting Stonehenge at the Solstice
On the summer and winter solstices, English Heritage usually opens the stones for free managed access. Then, thousands of people gather to watch the sunrise. However, it gets very busy, so check the official rules before you go.
Tips for Visiting Stonehenge
- Book online: Tickets are timed and cheaper in advance.
- Take the shuttle: The visitor centre is about 2 km from the stones. A frequent shuttle bus covers the distance. Alternatively, walk across the fields.
- Get close to the stones: Special early-morning or evening tours let small groups enter the inner circle. Book them well ahead.
- Dress for the weather: The plain is open and windy. So, bring a waterproof jacket.
How to Get to Stonehenge
From London, the drive takes about two hours. Alternatively, take a train to Salisbury, then a tour bus to the site. Many day tours from London also combine Stonehenge with Bath or Windsor Castle. For tickets, visit the official English Heritage website.
Stonehenge FAQ
How long should I spend there?
Generally, plan about two to three hours for the stones and the visitor centre.
Can you touch the stones?
Generally, no. Only special access tours and solstice events allow you inside the circle, and touching is still discouraged.
Final Thoughts on Stonehenge
Stonehenge offers a rare glimpse into the minds of our distant ancestors. Above all, take a moment to imagine the effort behind each stone. Afterwards, explore the Cotswolds. Discover all our United Kingdom travel guides.
