St. Peter’s Basilica stands in Vatican City, in the heart of Rome. It is one of the largest churches in the world and a masterpiece of the Renaissance and Baroque. According to tradition, it was built over the tomb of St Peter, the first pope. So, it is one of the holiest sites of the Catholic Church.
This guide covers the highlights inside, the dome, the square and practical tips.
History of St. Peter’s Basilica
The current church replaced an older basilica built by Emperor Constantine. Work began in 1506 and lasted more than a century. Also, great artists worked on it, including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno and Bernini.
Inside St. Peter’s Basilica
Michelangelo’s Pietà
To the right of the entrance, this marble sculpture shows Mary holding Jesus. In fact, Michelangelo carved it when he was in his twenties. Today, it is protected behind glass.
Bernini’s Baldachin
This huge bronze canopy stands about 29 metres high above the papal altar. Below it, moreover, lies the tomb of St Peter.
The Vatican Grottoes
Under the floor, the grottoes hold the tombs of many popes. In addition, the Scavi tour visits the ancient necropolis below. However, it needs a separate booking well in advance.
Climbing the Dome
Michelangelo designed the dome, and Giacomo della Porta completed it in 1590. Then, you can climb it for a stunning view of Rome. Also, a lift goes part of the way, but over 300 steps remain. However, the last stairs are narrow and tilted.
St. Peter’s Square
Later, Bernini designed this huge square in the 17th century. Two curved colonnades with 284 columns seem to embrace visitors. Also, an Egyptian obelisk stands in the centre.
Tips for Visiting St. Peter’s Basilica
- Dress code: Shoulders and knees must be covered.
- Entry is free: However, security queues can be long.
- Come early: Mornings are quieter.
- Check the papal calendar: Ceremonies can close the church.
Getting There
The nearest metro station is Ottaviano, on line A. Also, the Vatican Museums are a short walk away. For more information, see the official basilica website.
Final Thoughts on St. Peter’s Basilica
In short, this basilica combines faith, art and architecture on a grand scale. Afterwards, visit Castel Sant’Angelo or the Pantheon. Discover all our Rome travel guides.
